Lesson Six
Stress and Health
6.1 Language points of the text
1.影响：influence / affect / impact / effect
e.g.
influence of TV on children
the affected part / Smoking affects health
impact of the G.P. training strategy on medical education
2.（由）引起：cause / contribute to / attribute sth / to be attributed to / induce / trigger； arising from / result from / because of / due to / from
e.g.
The present study attempted to clarify factors that cause and contribute to the infection.
3.result from / result in
Incorrect：Stress may be resulted from everyday events and conditions.
Correct：Stress may result from / arise from everyday events and conditions.
Incorrect：Stress resulted from such exciting events as birthday parties，wedding ceremonies，promotion or winning football matches are called eustress.
Correct：Stress resulting from such things as …。
The same case with：occur / happen / take place / appear / disappear / arise / remain / prove to
4.–genic（originate from）：cardiogenic / nephrogenic
5.result（used as a verb）
e.g. 如果发生多脏起器衰竭，就会出现死亡。
Death may result when multiorgan failure occurs.
Multiorgan failure may result in death.
If multiorgans fail，death may result.
6.经历，进行：
n（病人）undergo / receive / have / be given / be started on
n（医生）undertake / perform / conduct / carry out / do
e.g.
The patient had undergone three abdominal operations before transferred to our hospital where splenectomy had to be undertaken to save the patient‘s life.
7.长期：long-term / prolonged / long-standing
e.g.
Pancytopenia has been reported in individual patients who received prolonged use of the drug.
Long-term toxic reactions of the drug have not been studied.
This drug is not indicated for patients long-standing hypertension.
8.主要的：main / major / leading / predominant
e.g.
The main reason for death of such patients is delayed diagnosis.
The major consideration in the diagnosis of AIDS in China is whether the patient has a past history of sexual abuse.
Cancer，heart attack and burn are the three leading causes of death in the USA.
Food poisoning has varying clinical manifestations，with gastrointestinal sings predominant.
6. 使…受到控制：be subjected to
e.g.
Note：Prices are subjected to change without being noticed.
The experimental animals were subjected to -20℃ for 30 minutes，and changes in … were recorded.
7. 确定：determine
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether expression of EM-2 is affected by intracellular or extracellular factors.
8. 完成：Finish / complete / accomplish
e.g.
I finish everyday lessons in time，complete all M.D. courses in 2 years and accomplish my goal of being a doctor with sound credentials.
6.2 Useful words and expression in Ex. II
1.stress / distress / eustress / stressor
2.considerable （great in quantity or degree）
3.play a crucial role in（ 起关键作用）
4.look on…with…（以…看待）
5.sedentary （惯与于久坐的 / 办公室工作的）
6.…， depending on：根据… / 取决于… e.g. The dosage may vary from individual to individual， depending on their general conditions.
7.etc. = and others
Not： A，B，and C etc. But：A，B，C，etc.
6.3 Words and expressions for Ex. III
Anxiety，a response to pressures and ______，or fear and apprehension concerning the ______of some event，is the most common stress. [注意同位语的用法] Most often，stress ______because of a definite event such as a test， a date，or an interview. ______the pressures of modern life，anxiety is a very common phenomenon. The ability of ?______ anxiety is one of the qualities of modern man. There are many______to get rid of anxiety. First， learn to laugh， seeing the funny side of everyday _______. Second，learn to talk to other people， trying to think more of their problems _______ only thinking of your own difficulties. [注意ing做说明性状语] Third，______ in some physical activities such as bicycle riding， taking a fast walk， or mowing the lawn so as to shift your attention instead of brooding about your problem at all times.
